Balance & Ataxia Interventions (Proprioceptive training and core stabilization).
┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ MS Motor & Sensory Axis │ └──────────────┬───────────────┘ │ ┌───────────────────────┼───────────────────────┐ ▼ ▼ ▼ ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ │ Spasticity │ │ Cerebellar Axis │ │ Sensory Loss │ │ • Hypertonia │ │ • Ataxia │ │ • Paresthesia │ │ • Clonus │ │ • Intention │ │ • Proprioception│ │ • Contractures │ │ Tremor │ │ Deficits │ └─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘
Applied to the common peroneal nerve to correct foot drop and improve swing-phase clearance. 4. Phase-Specific Rehabilitation Strategies
This comprehensive guide serves as a clinical reference framework. It is structured for direct integration into professional presentations and clinical education modules. 1. Clinical Overview & Pathophysiology physiotherapy management of multiple sclerosis ppt upd
Low-to-moderate intensity exercises (cycling, swimming, arm ergometry) performed 2–3 times per week. This improves cardiovascular health and directly combats central fatigue.
Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Functional Gait Assessment (FGA). Fatigue: Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS).
Maintain comfort, optimize remaining independence, and support caregivers. and psychosocial functioning. 4.
Intention tremors, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, and severe truncal ataxia.
Paresthesia (numbness/tingling), neuropathic pain, optic neuritis, and Lhermitte’s sign (an electric shock-like sensation running down the spine during neck flexion).
A self-reported questionnaire evaluating how fatigue impacts daily cognitive, physical, and psychosocial functioning. 4. Evidence-Based Physiotherapy Interventions optimize remaining independence
Falls are common in MS due to sensory ataxia, vestibular deficits, and spasticity.
60–80% of maximum heart rate, or a Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) of 11–13 (somewhat hard).
MS Phenotypes (Visual chart mapping RRMS, PPMS, and SPMS).