"My grandmother died when she was ninety-four,...My grandmother died when she was ninety-four." (Full text in source) The Power of the Refrain
Analyzing a poem like by requires looking beyond the literal words to find deeper meanings about life’s transitions and the passage of time.
The poem's focus on identity and self-discovery is closely tied to its exploration of the human condition. Tan's work suggests that our journeys, both literal and metaphorical, are opportunities for growth, transformation, and self-discovery. Through our experiences, we come to know ourselves and the world around us in new and profound ways.
: The contrast between the grandmother's sharp tongue/intact body and her "loosened" memory highlights the tragedy of a strong spirit trapped in a failing mind. from journeys poem analysis keith tan
As the train pulled away, the landscape began to shift. The familiar landmarks of his ambition—the high-rise goals and the orderly gardens of his past—faded into a dense, misty wood. Suddenly, the track branched. This was not on his map. He remembered the words of a poem once glimpsed on a commute:
Upon publication, “From Journeys” was praised for its restrained emotional power. Critic Leong Liew Geok wrote in The Straits Times : “Tan achieves what so few travel poems do—he makes the airport feel like a church, and the waiting lounge a confessional.” Others have noted the poem’s affinity with the work of Mark Strand and Louise Glück, particularly in its use of plain language for complex feeling.
From the market, the speaker’s journey takes him to a riverbank where he listens to "legends" that carry soil, life, and perhaps, the weight of history. Sitting on the bank, he finds himself not in a mythical past, but in a timeless present where fear of crossing the water is as real as it ever was. The poem concludes with the speaker’s crushing realization: "Though I was moving forward, continually, I felt as if I was going back." He resigns himself to a cyclical despair, understanding that "I would end up where I started," and continues his journey into an eternal return of violence, flesh, and the haunting color red. "My grandmother died when she was ninety-four,
The poem highlights the weight of a long life lived through a chaotic, "tangled" history. The "mangled" past implies that memory is a traumatic, uneven landscape.
"From Journeys" is a poem that showcases a range of literary techniques, including:
Tan also uses (pauses within lines) and asyndeton (omission of conjunctions) to create a fragmented, breathless quality—as if the speaker is thinking aloud between flights. Through our experiences, we come to know ourselves
: Overcoming obstacles and "bad advice" to find one's own voice. Identity and Heritage
Closer to home, Tan’s work echoes the Malaysian poet Shirley Geok-lin Lim’s “Modern Secrets,” where airport lounges and departure gates become spaces of cultural mourning. However, Lim often ends with resilience. Tan ends with the line “We travel to arrive, only to find we left before we came”—a Möbius strip of loss. There is no resolution.